Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus tsom iav
Cov menyuam yaus optometry yog ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus optometry.Piv nrog rau cov neeg laus optometry, menyuam yaus optometry muaj ob qho tib si thiab qhov tshwj xeeb.Nws yog kev sib tshuam ntawm pediatric ophthalmology, pediatric optometry thiab ophthalmology, nrog rau kev tshaj lij thiab kev xav tau.Nws xav kom tus neeg teb xov tooj tsis yog tsuas yog kom muaj kev paub txog ophthalmology, tab sis kuj yuav tsum muaj lub hauv paus ntawm pediatric ophthalmology thiab me nyuam txoj kev kho qhov muag, tab sis kuj yog ib tus kws tshaj lij hauv optometry.Kev daws cov teeb meem cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus yog ob qho tib si thev naus laus zis thiab kev kos duab.
Cov iav lawv tus kheej yog optical "tshuaj", tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj strabismus thiab amblyopia.Nws yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li ntau qhov kev xav tau: kho qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tsis zoo, kho qhov muag ib txwm muaj (kev kho mob strabismus), kev kho mob amblyopia, hnav zoo thiab ruaj khov, kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb (kev nyuaj siab kho qhov muag) thiab lwm yam.Yog li ntawd, qhov haum ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub tsom iav tsis muaj peev xwm rau cov tsis muaj kev tshaj lij.
Raws li cov menyuam yaus lub optometry thiab tsom iav muaj kev txhawj xeeb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xyuas qhov zoo li qub refraction (cycloplegia optometry, feem ntau hu ua mydriatic optometry), thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob yooj yim thiab tsis sib haum xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus uas xaiv optometry rau. thawj zaug, cov menyuam yaus nrog strabismus thiab strabismus.cov me nyuam pom deb.Lub chaw saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv hauv tebchaws tau tshaj tawm tus qauv xav kom cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 12 xyoos kom tau txais kev kho qhov muag pom.Raws li qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag ntawm tus menyuam, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem xaiv seb puas yuav siv atropine qhov muag tshuaj pleev kom nthuav dav rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv lossis cov khoom sib xyaw tropicamide (ceev) kom nthuav dav cov menyuam kawm ntawv.Raws li txoj cai, nws yuav tsum tau siv rau esotropia, hyperopia, amblyopia, thiab cov menyuam yaus preschool, thiab mydriasis ceev tuaj yeem xav txog lwm yam.
Tom qab dilated optometry thiab paub tus me nyuam qhov tseeb diopter, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm txhua tus neeg sab nrauv thiab txiav txim siab seb puas yuav tshuaj tsom iav tam sim ntawd, lossis tos kom tus tub kawm ntawv rov qab mus rau qhov qub thiab rov kuaj dua ua ntej lub tsom iav.Rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj esotropia thiab amblyopia, txhawm rau kho cov menyuam yaus nrog tsom iav kom sai li sai tau, thiab txhawm rau pab cov menyuam yaus hloov mus rau kev hnav tsom iav, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tam sim tom qab dilated optometry thiab kho cov tsom iav kom sai li sai tau yam tsis tau tos cov menyuam kawm ntawv. rov qab los.Rau pseudomyopia, qhov degree ntawm myopia tom qab mydriasis feem ntau qis dua qhov degree tom qab mydriasis.Thaum haum cov tsom iav, cov qib ntawm cov me nyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob siv raws li qhov kev ntsuas, tab sis cov degree ntawm mydriasis yuav tsum tau siv raws li tus qauv siv.Daim iav, tuaj yeem zam qhov pseudo-myopia faib rau hauv.
Cov menyuam yaus lub tsom iav txawv ntawm cov neeg laus tsom iav hauv kev ua haujlwm.Cov tsom iav me me tsom rau kev kho mob qhov muag, thaum cov neeg laus tsom iav tsom rau kev txhim kho qhov muag.Yog li ntawd, qee cov menyuam yaus lub zeem muag tom qab hnav yog qhov phem dua li ua ntej hnav tsom iav, uas tsis tsuas yog ua rau ntau tus niam txiv tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab, tab sis kuj ua rau ntau tus kws tshaj lij hauv optometry kuj tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab.Qhov no feem ntau ua rau muaj kev nkag siab me me ntawm cov niam txiv thiab kws kho mob.Rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj myopia, tsom iav tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov muag pom, tshem tawm qaug zog, sib koom ua ke ntawm cov leeg sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm lub qhov muag, thiab tiv thaiv myopia kom tob.Rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj hyperopia, anisometropia, strabismus, amblyopia, thiab lwm yam, qee zaum tsom iav yog siv los kho qhov muag kab mob, uas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev txhim kho lub zeem muag yav tom ntej.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub tsom iav yog lub zog ntawm lub qhov muag yuav tsum tau hloov nrog lub zog ntawm lub qhov muag.Vim tias cov menyuam yaus tseem nyob hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam yaus preschool thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas.Preschool yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho qhov muag, qib ntawm hyperopia maj mam txo qis, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub qhov muag yog ze rau cov neeg laus.Kev hluas yog qhov thib ob ntawm qhov muag kev loj hlob, thiab myopia feem ntau tshwm nyob rau theem no thiab maj mam nkag mus, thiab nres thaum kawg ntawm kev puberty.Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov menyuam yaus xav tau kev kho qhov muag nrawm txhua xyoo, qee cov menyuam yaus tseem xav tau kev kho qhov muag nrawm rau ib nrab xyoo, xyuas lawv qhov muag txhua 3 lub hlis, thiab hloov cov iav lossis lo ntsiab muag hauv lub sijhawm raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov muag.Hnav tau ob peb xyoos.
Vim qhov kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua ntawm myopia hauv cov menyuam yaus, kev tshawb fawb txog kev tswj cov kev loj hlob ntawm myopia ib txwm yog qhov kev tshawb fawb hotspot hauv kev lag luam.Txawm hais tias tseem tsis tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, ob hom kev tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag, lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv kab mob thiab RGP, tseem tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev ua kom qeeb lossis txawm tias tswj cov menyuam yaus myopia.Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo dua los txhim kho, uas feem ntau tau lees paub los ntawm kev lag luam.Nrog rau kev loj hlob zuj zus thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom siv lens, tsim, kev siv thev naus laus zis, kev ua haujlwm kom haum, thiab cov cuab yeej siv kho lub lens, nws cov kev nyab xeeb hnav kuj tau zoo dua thiab zoo dua.